Daily Reference Value, otherwise known as NRV on labels as a percentage, indicates how much of a nutrient contributes to the average daily intake required to maintain minimum, normal health levels.

These values are designed primarily to prevent deficiency rather than represent optimal intake. As a result, some nutrients in advanced formulations may exceed 100% of the reference value to reflect how nutrients are absorbed, regulated, and utilised in the body.

Several vitamins in the formulation appear above 100% of the NRV because the body regulates and absorbs them differently.

For example:

• Vitamin C - Higher amounts are often used because 80 mg is regarded as the bare minimum to prevent scurvy, not optimised to support vitamin C demands. 200 mg is regarded as the optimum level before becoming oversaturated, where any excess is naturally excreted.
  
• Vitamin B12 has limited absorption through intrinsic factor, meaning only a small portion of larger doses above 2 mcg (approx.) is absorbed.
  
• Biotin is water-soluble, and excess amounts, which your body won't use, are naturally eliminated.
  

These levels reflect absorption science and physiological regulation, rather than excessive intake.

Creatine is included at 3 grams per serving, a level commonly used in nutritional science as a daily maintenance intake.

Creatine supports the phosphocreatine energy system, which helps regenerate ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the body’s immediate cellular energy source used during muscle contraction and movement.

While creatine has historically been associated with sports nutrition, research increasingly highlights its relevance for women’s health and everyday physical function, including supporting muscle function, strength, and cellular energy availability.

A daily intake of around 3 g is widely used in research and supplementation as a practical level to support these physiological processes without requiring loading phases.

Creatine is stored in tissues as phosphocreatine, which acts as a rapid energy reserve.

During periods of movement or exertion, phosphocreatine donates a phosphate group to regenerate ATP, allowing cells to maintain energy supply. This process is particularly important for muscle contraction, neuromuscular signalling, and short bursts of physical activity.

The marine collagen used in the formulation is hydrolysed into peptides with an average molecular weight of around 2000 Daltons.

Hydrolysis increases the proportion of di- and tri-peptides, the smallest collagen fragments. These peptides are more easily absorbed through the intestinal wall and provide amino acids such as glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline that contribute to the body’s collagen pool.

Silicium (silica) is a trace element associated with connective tissue architecture and the collagen matrix. It contributes to structural integrity in tissues such as skin, cartilage, hair, nails, and bone.

The formulation includes Mesoporosil®, a highly bioavailable form designed to improve stability and absorption compared with standard silica sources.

Electrolytes help regulate fluid distribution, nerve signalling, and muscle contraction.

Key electrolytes included in the formulation include:

• 
  Potassium – the primary intracellular electrolyte involved in nerve transmission and muscle function
  
• 
  Sodium and chloride – important for extracellular fluid balance and nerve signalling
  
• 
  Magnesium – involved in ATP activation, electrolyte balance, and neuromuscular regulation
  

Together these minerals help maintain hydration balance and cellular stability.

Magnesium glycinate is widely used due to its bioavailability and gentle absorption profile.

Magnesium is involved in more than 300 enzymatic reactions, including those responsible for energy production, muscle function, and nervous system regulation. It also contributes to electrolyte balance and the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.

Some vitamins are provided in forms that are already active within metabolic pathways.

Examples include:

• 
  Vitamin B6 as P5P (pyridoxal-5-phosphate)
  
• 
  Folate as 5-MTHF
  
• 
  Vitamin B12 as methylcobalamin
  

These forms are commonly used in advanced nutritional formulations because they are directly usable in metabolic processes related to energy metabolism, nervous system function, and cellular health.

Polyphenols are naturally occurring plant compounds found in berries and other fruits.

The fermented berry complex provides a spectrum of polyphenols and anthocyanins, compounds associated with antioxidant pathways and cellular resilience. Fermentation may also enhance the availability of these bioactive compounds.

Trace minerals such as zinc, copper, selenium, and chromium are required by the body in small quantities but play important roles in enzymatic reactions and metabolic processes.

For example:

• 
  Zinc contributes to immune function, protein synthesis, and tissue repair
  
• 
  Copper supports connective tissue formation and iron metabolism
  
• 
  Selenium supports antioxidant enzyme systems and thyroid metabolism
  
• 
  Chromium contributes to normal macronutrient metabolism and glucose utilisation
  

Because these minerals act as enzyme cofactors, only small amounts are required for physiological function.

Vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 work together in the regulation of calcium metabolism.

Vitamin D supports the absorption and utilisation of calcium, while vitamin K2 contributes to the proper distribution of calcium within the body. Together they help support bone health, muscle function, and structural integrity.

Hyaluronic acid and taurine support hydration at different levels within the body.

Hyaluronic acid helps bind water within connective tissues such as skin and joints, contributing to tissue hydration and elasticity. Taurine plays a role in osmoregulation, helping regulate fluid balance inside cells and supporting electrolyte transport across cell membranes.

Together these nutrients contribute to cellular hydration, tissue resilience, and metabolic balance.

Vitamin C plays a critical role in collagen synthesis by supporting the enzymatic reactions that stabilise collagen fibres through a process known as hydroxylation.

This process helps maintain the strength and integrity of connective tissues such as skin, cartilage, tendons, and blood vessels. Because the body cannot produce vitamin C on its own, it must be obtained through diet or supplementation.

In addition to its structural role in collagen formation, vitamin C also contributes to antioxidant protection and normal immune function, helping protect cells from oxidative stress.

The amount included reflects its role as a collagen support nutrient alongside collagen peptides and other structural components within the formulation.